Method and apparatus for distributing



Feb. 7, 1956 W TY ETAL 2,733,850

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING AND DISPENSING CARBONATED BEVERAGES Original Filed Jan. 26, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FRANK WELTY RAYMOND D. WELTY Feb. 7, 1956 wELTY ET AL 2,733,850

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING AND DISPENSING CARBONATED BEVERAGES Original Filed Jan. 26, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m .H VI M u W o E n -w 3L 0 M ED WD KW Au MM Rm R United States Patent O METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING AND DISPENSING CARBONATED BEVERAGES Frank Welty and Raymond D. Welty, Youngstown, Ohio, assignors to Carbonic Dispenser, Inc., Canfield, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Original application January 26, 1950, Serial No. 140,598. Divided and this application April 17, 1952, Serial No. 282,751

14 Claims. (Cl. 226 -115) The present application is a division of our co-pending application Ser. No. 140,598, filed January 26, 1950.

This invention relates to the art of distributing and dispensing carbonated beverages and more particularly to improved methods and equipment for preparing the improved general arrangement for the commercial han- 'dling of carbonated beverages and it has as its principal object the simplification of and the reduction in the cost of preparing, distributing and dispensing these beverages.

More specifically, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved and simplified method for preparing and charging the carbonated beverage into a shipping container wherein the mixing of the flavoring and sweetening syrup with the carbonated water which is usual in beverage manufacture is accomplished directly in the shipping container and simultaneously with the filling of the container with the'carbonated water whereby the handling of the ingredients is keptv to a minimum and is effected under the best possible sanitary conditions while the apparatus required is simple, inexpensive and readily maintained for substantially continuous use.

A further object of the invention is the provision of substantially simplified and improved apparatus for charging a closed shipping container for carbonated beverages with carbonated water or with a carbonated beverage and wherein the charged water or beverage is maintained at a predetermined high degree of carbonation both during and after completion of the charging-operation.

This object is accomplished, in accordance with the invention, by providing in the charging equipment an improved arrangement for supplying carbonated water or beverage to the shipping container and for maintaining a predetermined back pressure of a suitable inert gas in the container during the filling thereof and also by providing an improved shipping container and improved connections thereto for the liquid-supply conduit and the gas purge conduit whereby full carbonation is maintained during the filling operation and upon completion thereof the conduits may be quickly disconnected withoutfany appreciable loss of carbonation in the liquid stored in the container.

Another more specific object of the invention is the provision of improved apparatus for discharging the carbonated beverage from the shipping container at the point of use whereby the beverage is always maintained in a fresh and palatable condition, and is dispensed into the customers glass with a desired high degree ofcarbonation.

A still further object of the invention is the provision, in an installation for dispensing a number of diflierent carbonated beverages from the respective containers therefor, of an improved method for controlling and maintaining the proper desired degree of carbonation ofthe beverage in each of the respective containers regardless ice 2 of differences in the temperatures and in the quantities of liquid remaining in the respective containers.

The above and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed specification and the accompanying drawing wherein there is disclosed a certain preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the drawing: I

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a beverage container charging assembly constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic showing of the essential parts of the apparatus of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical section through a valved conduit connector utilized on the beverage shipping container shown in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is another view of the assembly of Figure 3 but showing the valve thereof in open position;

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a beverage dispensing installation utilizing one of the shipping containers of the assembly of our invention; and

Figure 6 is a sectional View of a dispensing installation of our invention utilizing a plurality of shipping containers for dispensing different flavored drinks.

Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, the reference numeral 10 designates a carbonator which may be utilized as the high pressure source of carbonated water for our improved container charging assembly and the device 10 may be of the kind shown and described in detail in our co-pending application Ser. No. 11,008, filed February 26, 1948 for Automatic Liquid Carbonator, now U. S. Patent No. 2,588,677, issued March 11, 1952. Fresh water is supplied to the carbonator by means of the motor driven pump 11 and carbon dioxide gas under controlled pressure is supplied thereto by the conduit 12 which is connected to the supply bottle 13 through a pressure regulator 14. We also provide a control panel 15 on the face of which are mounted pressure gauges 16 and 17 and the control handles for valves 18, 19 20, 21, 22 and 23.

plying carbonated water under pressure. A flexible conduit 26 supplies carbonated water from the control panel 15 to the container 27 being filled and a second flexible conduit 2% is provided to maintain gaseous back pressure on a container 27 through the piping circuit to be hereinafter more fully described. Also leading into the control panel 15 is a source of electric current 29 and a control circuit 30, the functions of which are also described below.

The container 27 which is preferably constructed of stainless steel has a fluid-tight closure cap 31 of appreciable diameter to facilitate charging of the flavoring syrup and cleaning and inspection of the interior of the container. As shown, the container is provided with a shoulder at its upper end outwardly of the cap 31 and extending upwardly of this shoulder is a pair of circumferentially spaced coupling bosses 32 (see Figure 3) which are exteriorly threaded as at 33. In each container a dip tube 34 extends downwardly from one of the bosses 32 to within a short distance of the bottom of the container.

Screw-threadedly received on each of the bosses 32 is a fitting 35 having a centrally disposed recess 36 in which of flange 41' for quick connection and disconnection with respect'to-a coupling member 42 "which" has an integral bulbed stem 43 for receiving a flexible conduit as either "of the lines 26 .or 28, for example. Coupling member 42 has a pair of'downwardlyand inwardly turned hook-like portions 44 which are receivable under the flange 41 to "lock the coupling member 42 to the fitting 39 upon rotation with respect to the'fitting 39 in accordance with usual practice. The bore throughthe fitting'39 is formed with an annular recess 45 to receive a sealing ring 46. Carried with and extending downwardly from the fitting is a tube 47 having a scalloped lower edge 43 and by referring to Figure '3 it willbe noted that the outer surface of the tube 47'has wiping contact with the ring 46 -upon the part 42 being assembled on the fitting39. in accord ance with conventional practice the flange d1 has a pair of diametrically opposed cam surfaces 49 so that upon rotating the part 42 on the fitting 39 to lock these members together the part'42 and the tube 47 move downwardly whereby the lower end of the tube 47 engages the valve 37 to move the latter to .open position as shown in Figure 4.

Referring again to Figuresl and 2 there is provided a differential relief valve h having a spring biased diaphragm 51 connected to an exhaust valve 52 and the space on one side of the diaphragm is connected to the gas supply conduit 12 through conduits24 and 53, thellatter being in communication with the pressure gauge 17. The space on the valveside of the diaphragm 51 is connected "by means of a conduit 54, a solenoid operated valve 55, and manual valve 19 with the flexible conduit 28 to the outer free endof which is attached a detachable coupling '56 which is generally similar to the coupling 42 above described except that a pair of insulated electrodes 57 are inserted vertically in the top wall of the coupling member. It should be noted that the current supply circuit .29. is the energizing circuit for the valve 55, that the control circuit 39 is connected with the electrodes and through a suitable conventional relay assembly, not shown and not a part. or" the present invention, operates to con- ,nect, the supply circuitZ? with the solenoid ofthe valve "55 upon the two electrode tips '57 being contacted by liquid in the fitting 56. Valve 55 is normally open, however, and is closed by energization of the solenoid only when liquid rises in the fitting 56 to contact the exposed points of the electrodes 57.

, 'The spring-bias acting on the diaphragm 51 is such that the valve 52 will'be maintained closed so long as the pressure in conduit 54 is less than, the pressure in conduit 53 by a predetermined amount as for example fifteen pounds per square inch. By referring to Figure 2 it will be noted that the pressure gaugelti is in communication with the conduit 28 ,so that a comparison of the readings of the gauges '16 and 1.7 willmou'itor the operation of the valve '50 as will become more apparent hereinafter.

The carbonated water supplying circuit for the filling conduit 26 comprises the carbonator 1d, the conduit and the valves 22 and 20 in series. For a purpose to be later described the fittings on thepanel 15 to which the flexible conduits 26 and 28 are connected are interconnected by a jumper conduit 58 in which is positioned the three-Way valve 18 having an exhaust port 59. Normally, however, thevalve 18 is in closed position as shown in Figure 2. Interconnecting the valves 19, 55 and the valves '29, '22 is a jumper conduit 63 in which is positioned the manual valve 21.

For the purpose of insuring the proper functioning of the differential valve at the start of a container filling operation we provide a second differential valve 61 having a spring-biased diaphragm .62, the enclosed side of which is connected to the conduit 60 between the valves 2 l and by means of a conduit 63. The space on the opposite side of the diaphragm 62 is connected to the gas supplyflineZ through the manual valve .23 and a conduit164. Theioutlet of the valve .of the assembly 61 is In the operation of the apparatus thus far described a predetermined quantity of the desired flavoring syrup is first placed in the shipping container 27 and the cap 31 immediately applied and locked-wl1ereupon the coupling member42 which is on the flexible conduit 26 is applied to that fitting 39 of the container which is associated with the dip tube 34. The fitting 56 which is on the flexible conduitZS is applied to the other fitting 39 on the container. At this time valves 13 through 23 are closed while solenoid valve 55 is open and of course the valve .52 is closed due to the pressure exerted on :the opposite side of the diaphragm 51 :by the .gas in conduit 53. As soon as possible it is desirable to purge all the air from the space in container- 27 above .the syrup and to replace the same with the inert carbon dioxide gas so as to arrest oxidation of the syrup. It is also .necessary and desirable to maintain aback pressure or the carbonating carbon dioxide gas in the containerZi duringthefllling of the same with the carbonated water and all of this is accomplished by first opening both 'va'lves"*l andfZil and then opening valve 23. The latteradrn'its full gaspressure through con- 'duits 64, es and 26' intothe diptube 34and' the carbon dioxide gas being heavier than air'willdmmediately blanket the surface of the syrup andiupon rising will force the air in the container27upwardlyand out through the coupling 56, flexible conduit '28, valve'19, valve 55, and into con duits 54 and 60. As this air=pressure"builds up to within fifteen'poundsflr'or'example,of the gas pressure supplied in the conduits 24 "and 53' the valve 52 will be open and the air willbleed out of the exhaust poltprovided; The escaping air provides an audible'signa'l and after a suflicient interval or time toena-ble-most of theair to be purged '(a matter 'of-four or'five seconds in most installations the valve 23 is shut off and immediately the back pressure in conduit '63 closes the valve 61. Valve 22 is now opened and-carbonatedwater 'under the pressure of the gas in conduits12 and 24 is'forced through conduit 25, valves '22 and 20,"flexible'conduit26 vand dip tube 34 into the "bottom portion of the mass of syrup contained in the-bottom of the ,container 27. As the carbonated water bubbles-upthrough'the syrup it takes portions of the syrup with it so. that'there is thus effected a thorough intermixingof the syrup'and'carbonated water and this mixture is quite stable due primarily to the corbonation of the water furnished. It should be noted particularly that during this vfilling'operation a back pressure CO2 gas, of a value'of thirty-"five pounds per square inch for example, is'maintai-ned on'the mixture so that there is no loss of carbonation/of the water or the mixture. Asthe liquid level rises 'in'the container '27 the back pressuring gas continuestobe expelled at the required rate through the valve '52 but as explained above the valve assembly Stlrequires a back pres'sure to within fifteen pounds, for examp'1e,.of the 'head pressure exerted and in the present illustration the gaspressure maintained in the conduits 12,24 and 53'may be taken as fifty pounds per square inch. Upon the container 27 becoming filled the liquid rises in the fitting 56 to contact the lower points of the electrodes 57 and immediately the valve 55 is energized and closed whereuponthe' back pressure in the flexible conduit 28 immediately rises to arrest the inward flow of water. By noting'the cessation of escaping gas or the increase in'pressure'at the gauge 16 to equal the pressure atthe gauge "17 the operator knows that the container is filled and he may immediately close both Valves 18 and 21 are provided to facilitate flushing out of the conduit system as is required from'time to time during normal operation of the apparatus. I

It is contemplated by this invention that the pie-mixed and carbonated beverage will be shipped to the point of consumption directly in the container 27 and in Figure 5 there-is illustrated a dispensing arrangement utilizing the pre-filled and charged container 27. Thus, the dispensing facility may include a cooling'chamber 66 for receiving the container 27 and a bottled source 67 of an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, as well as a dispensing faucet 68 which may be of the kind disclosed and claimed in our U. S. Patent No. 2,331,527, issued October l2, 1943. We have found that the, use of nitrogen gas as the expelling agent for the pre-m'ixed carbonated beverages at the dispensing point possesses outstanding, and unusual advantages in maintaining the quality of'the beverages over long periods of time and in maintainingthe desired and initially imparted degree of carbonation of the beverages over long periods of time and regardless of the quantities of liquid remaining in the containers 27 and of the temperature or temperatures thereof. The first requirement of any expelling gas is, of. course, that the same be entirely inert so as to inhibit decomposition of the carbohydrates in the beverage and while this requirement is satisfied by the commonly used carbonfdioxide gas, the use of such gas makes impossible the uniformity and control of the the degree of carbonation in the beverderstood that the normal practicefollowed in dispensing premixed beverages from the closed containers 27 will result in considerable variation in temperature and assuming that it is desired to maintain a degree of carbonation represented by the absorption of 3.5 volumes of gas to each volume of liquid it can be shown that at 40 F. a pressure of 21.5 pounds per square inch will be required. If, however, in shipping the temperature rises to 70 the pressure required or' generated will be, 46 pounds per square inch. If such back pressure of CO2 gas is placed -in the container the beverage therein will become highly over-carbonated when thetemperatureis reduced down to 40 since a much larger volume of CO2 gas will be gradually absorbed by the liquid.. "I'hisdifiiculty is avoided by the use of nitrogen gas which being much lighter than the CO2 gas willnot be absorbed in the liquid but rather will remain entirely above the surface thereof.

The use of nitrogen gas as the expellent is even more advantageous when employed in multiple drink installations as shown in Figure 6 where the containers 27a, 27b, and 270 are individually connected to dispensing faucets 68 through conduits 71 and cooling coils 72, the latter being housed in cooling tank 70. First, the ability to use an expellent gas pressure sufficiently high to inhibit decarbonation of any one of the three beverages regardless of its temperature while making impossible overcarbonation upon subsequent cooling is a very de sirable result. In the present systems where CO2 gas is used the pressure applied must be kept quite low to avoid overcarbonation and upon a fresh warm container being tapped into the system the excess pressure therein will not only bleed into the other containers but in many instances will force the beverage contained therein back out through the gas inlet connection, thus contaminating the other beverages.

Our invention also enables difierent beverages, requiring difierent degrees of carbonation, to be properly dispensed from' the simple apparatus of Figure 6 since in no case is the degree of carbonation of any of the beverages. disturbed. Thus'container' 27a may be filled with orange juice requiring 'no'carbonation, while container 27b may be filled with a citric acid base beverage requiring a low degree ofcarbonation and the container 270 may be filled with a cola drink requiring a much higher degree of carbonation. The common gas supply line may age dispensed as will presently appear. 'It should .be unbe, used as shown at 74 and it is only necessary to maintab: on this line a pressure high enough to contain the original carbonation in any of the beverages dispensed when subjected to any expected temperature variation.

The above specifically described embodiment of the invention should be considered as illustrative only as obviously many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Reference should therefore be had to the appended claims in determining the scope of the invention.

We claim:

1. In apparatus for filling a closed container having an outlet and an inlet at its upper end with a carbonated beverage the combination of a conduit having quick-detachable interconnection with said inlet and a second conduit having quick-detachable interconnection with said outlet, said second conduit including a normally open valve and an exhaust port, valved conduit means to supply a back-pressuring gas to said first conduit to dispel the air originally contained in said container through said second conduit and said exhaustrport, a second valved conduit to supply carbonated liquid to said first conduit to fill said container while the back-pressuring gas contained therein is expelled through said second conduit and exhaust port, and means to close said valve upon said container being filled with liquid.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 further including a differential pressure responsive valve for said exhaust port, said differential pressure responsive valve. being connected for pressure response to the pressure existent in the carbonated liquid supply and to the pressure existent in said second conduit whereby said container is filled under a predetermined pressure diiferential and against a predetermined back pressure.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2 further including a liquid level responsive device in said outlet and connected to close the normally open valve in. said second conduit upon the liquid level in said container rising to said outlet.

4. In apparatus for filling a closed container having an inlet port and an outlet port at its upper end the combination of a first conduit adapted to be connected to said inlet port and a second conduit adapted to be connected to said outlet port, a source of liquid under a predetermined pressure, a source of a back-pressuring gas under predetermined pressure, a first valve establishing communication between said gas source and said first conduit, a second valve establishing communication between said liquid source and said first conduit, a third valve c0nstituting a controlled exhaust port for said second conduit, differential pressure responsive means to close said first valve upon the pressure in said second conduit reaching a predetermined value in relation to the pressure of the gas source, and a second differential pressure responsive means to open said third valve upon the pressure in said second conduit reaching a predetermined value in relation to the pressure of the gas source.

5. In apparatus for filling a closed container having an inlet port and an outlet port at its upper end the combination of the first conduit adapted to be connected to said inlet port and a second conduit adapted to be connected to said outlet port, means to supply in sequence a back-pressuring gas and a filling liquid to said first conduit, a valve constituting a controlled exhaust port for said second conduit, and a differential pressure responsive device to open said valve upon the pressure in said second conduit reaching a predetermined value in relation to the pressure of the liquid furnished said first conduit.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 further including a gauge to indicate the pressure of the liquid supplied, and a second gauge to indicate the pressure existent in said second conduit intermediate said exhaust port and said outlet port.

7. In apparatus for distributing and dispensing carbonated beverages the combination of a shipping container having-a pair-of spaced couplings extending .upwardlyand outwardly .of the container and being in communication :with the space .in the container, a filling .tube extending downwardly from one of saidcouplings and having .an openend positioned adjacent the bottom of the container, a valve housed in each of said couplings in normal blocking relation to the passage therethrough and normally biased to outward closed position, a conduit fitting .for each of said couplings and having quick detachable interconnection therewith, and each of said fittings having .a depending member adapted to engage and move said valves downwardly to open position upon application of said fittings to said couplings, said depending members comprising tubular conduit sections and constituting the passage means for directing fluids into and out of said shipping container. 7

'8. In apparatus for distributing and dispensing carbonated beverages a normally closed shipping container having a hollow coupling extending upwardly and outwardly of the container and being in communication with the space in the container, a tube extending downwardly from said coupling and having an open end positioned adjacent the bottom of the container, a valve housed in said coupling in normal blocking relation to the passage therethrough and normally biased to outward closed position, a conduit fitting having a tubular stern projecting therefrom adapted to be slidaoly received in the'opening in said coupling and to engage and open said valve whereby communication may be established through said tube, coupling, stem and fitting, cooperating means on said coupling and fitting whereby the latter may be quickly connected to and disconnected from said coupling and when connected to said coupling said stem is operative to hold said valve open, and means providing a second port in the top wall of said container, the arrangernent being such that during filling of the container through said coupling the gas in said container may be bled off through said second port while during dispensing of the beverage from said container gas pressure may be admitted into said container through said second port to force the liquid contained in said container-up through said tube,'coupling, stem and fitting.

9. Apparatus according to claim 7 further including an annular recess in the opening through each of said couplings between said valve and the upper end of said coupling, and a yieldable annular sealing ring retained within said recess and adapted to tightly engage the outer surface of said tubular conduit section upon the connecting of said fitting to said coupling as aforesaid.

10. In apparatus for distributing carbonated beverages the combination of a shipping container having a removable cap and a pair of spaced couplings extending .up- Wardly and outwardly of the container and being in communication with the space in the container, at filling tube extending downwardly from one of said couplings and having an open end positioned adjacent the bottom of "the container, means to supply carbonated water through one of said couplings .to said filling tube under predetermined pressure, conduit means connected with the other of 'saidcouplings to maintain a predetermined back pressure in said container during the filling thereof, said conduit means comprising a fitting adapted to have quickdetachable interconnection with said othercoupling, said means to supply carbonated water comprising a second fitting having a quick-detachable interconnection with the said one of said couplings, normally closed valves in each of said couplings, and means to open said valves comprising tubular extensions of said fittings, said tubular extensions comprising fluid passages.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10 further.characterized in that each of the valves in said couplings comprises a fluid impervious disc, each of said couplings having an'outlet and a shoulder concentric therewithragaiust which the valve is seated by pressure existent insaid container, and a biasing spring in each of said couplings to yieldablymrge the valve contained therein against the lshoiilder contained therein.

"12. In a systemifordispensing a pre-mixed carbonated beverage a normally 'closed shipping container having a vertically disposed dispensing tube thereintcarried by and depending from an 'upper wall thereof, the lower end of said vtube being positioned adjacent the bottom wall of said container andthenpper end of said tube being open to the atmosphere, conduit-connecting means at the upper endof said 'tube to establish conduit connection therewith; said container also having a port in its upper end portion-exteriorly' of said tube; and means to fill said containerwith a carbonated liquid comprising a conduit leading to said conduit connecting means, means to supply in sequence'to .said, conduit a back-pressuring gas andsaid liquid, avalve communicating with said port for "'lee'dihgbff said*'gas ',an'd' a dilferential pressure respon- Lsive device foroperating said valve in response to the pressurefdifierential existent between the liquid being supplied to thecontainer and the gas in the container to Ihere'by 'e'ifect a predetermined rateof filling of the container.

13."'In"apparatus"for filling a closed container with an oxidizablecarbonatedbeverage the combination of exhaust "means connecting said container, said exhaust means including a diaphragm operated ditferential pressure re ponsive valve, a source of gas under pressure, meansconnecting said source 'of .gas with a first side of the diaphragm operator for saidvalve, means including a purging valve connecting said source with the lower portion-of said container, means connecting the interior of said container with the second side of said diaphragm 'operator'whereby upon said purge valve being opened "gas enters-the lowerportion of said container to expell the atmosphere therein through said exhaust means against a predetermined back pressure differential, a source of carbonated'water, means including a charging valve connecting said'source of carbonated water with said container, and meansconnecting said source of gas with said source of carbonated water whereby when said charging valve 'i'sopen water is forced into said container charge the same, simultaneously with said last step bleeding-off saidicarbonfiioxide gas from the upper portion ofisaid container while maintaining said carbon dioxide gas under a predetermined pressure relative to the pressure of said carbonated Water, and sealing said container under. pressure.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,612;247 ""Muller' Aug. 20, 1935 2,057,800 'Str'elow Oct, 20, 1936 2,122,949 I Piquerez July 5, 1938 2,165,684 Struck July 11, 1939 2,297,190 :McKinnis Sept. 29, 1942 2,400,955 Samel May 28, 1946 2,588,677 Welty et al Mar. 11, 1952 2,609,984 'Barnes Sept. 9, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 9,823 GreatBritain Apr. 22, 1907 

